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Bacteria

• • Escherichia coli (E Coli) – found in undercooked beef, unpasteurised milk and juice, sprouts and contaminated water.
  • Campylobacter- found in raw & undercooked poultry, unpasteurised milk and contaminated water.
  • Salmonella- found in undercooked poultry, raw egg, mayonnaise, sprouts, tahini.
  • Shigella- often spread by an affected individual preparing food after not washing their hands thoroughly. It can also be contracted by swimming in a pool used by somebody with the infection.

Viruses such as Norovirus and Rotavirus are transmitted when an infected person handles food that somebody else then eats, or by direct contact with an infected person.

Parasites including Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba Histolytica are important but less common causes of Traveller’s Diarrhoea.

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• Abdominal pain
• Nausea (feeling sick) and/or vomiting
• Fevers
• Aches

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• High-risk areas: South and Southeast Asia, Central America, West and North Africa, South America, East Africa.
• Medium-risk areas: Russia, China, Caribbean, South Africa.
• Low-risk areas: North America, Western Europe and New Zealand.

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• have a fever (high temperature) above 38.5C.
• have blood in your diarrhoea or vomit.
• are becoming dehydrated- ie. passing less urine, dry mouth, feeling dizzy/light-headed, headaches, weakness/fatigue etc.
• have severe abdominal (tummy) pains.
• have symptoms lasting longer than 3 days.
• feel your symptoms are worsening.
• are pregnant.
• are elderly or have an underlying health problem such as diabetes, epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease, kidney disease or other chronic health problems.
• have a weakened immune system (for example, due to cancer, chemotherapy, long term steroid treatment, HIV infection).

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• Only eat food that is freshly prepared, cooked and served piping hot, or fruit that you have peeled yourself.
• Only drink bottled water (ensuring the seal is unbroken) or cooled boiled water.
• Use bottled or boiled water to brush your teeth. Do not use tap water.
• Wash your hands frequently using soap and water, or else use a hand sanitiser.
• Wash your hands or use hand sanitiser before preparing food, eating or drinking, and after using the toilet.
• Avoid:
  • Tap water
  • Uncooked food such as salads
  • Raw or undercooked meat or shellfish
  • Uncooked eggs
  • Unpasteurised milk and cheese
  • Ice cubes (to keep drinks cold, put the container or glass on ice. Do not put ice in your drinks).
  • Ice-cream products

• Be careful where you swim as swimming in contaminated water can lead to Traveller’s Diarrhoea

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