The diagnosis is usually made by a doctor on the basis of typical symptoms and clinical examination. There are no specific tests Further investigations such as a brain scan and blood tests may be organised to rule out other causes. The diagnostic criteria for classical migraine are: (A) at least 5 attacks must have occurred [...]

It’s not always possible to identify a trigger, but the following things may cause migrainous headaches in some people: Dietary factors- cheese, chocolate, red wine, citrus fruits, and foods containing an additive called tyramine. Excessive dieting. Psychological factors- stress/anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances. Environmental triggers- bright lights, loud noises or strong smells. Medications- for example [...]

Aside from avoiding triggers,  sufferers may get relief from medications such as painkillers and triptans. However, if attacks are happening several times a month, a daily preventive medication may be recommended by your doctor.

Yes, there are various types, which have typical symptoms: Migraine without aura- ‘common migraine’ The most common type consists of a severe throbbing one-sided headache. There may be associated symptoms of nausea, vomiting, light sensitivity and blurred vision. Migraine with aura- also called ‘classical migraine’ Similar to a common Migraine but the headache is accompanied [...]

Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Nausea or vomiting Sensitivity to sounds (phonophobia) Aura - this is a group of symptoms that may happen before a migrainous headache/attack. Common aura symptoms may include: Visual disturbances such as zig zag lines, flashing lights, shimmering or flickering spots, or even blind spots. Sensory disturbances such as olfactory hallucinations (experiencing [...]

An attack may consist of defined phases: A warning or prodromal phase may occur - there may be sensations or signs that a migraine is about to happen. Changes in mood and appetite may occur, as well as nausea, fatigue, yawning, difficulty finding words, diarrhoea or constipation. About 20-30% of people may experience an aura. [...]

Migrainous headaches are usually severe and throbbing. They tend to involve one side of the head (though not always) and last between 4 and 72 hours. They are often worsened by movement or routine physical activity.

Using pain relief or triptans too often may cause medication overuse headache. If you take pain relief or triptans on most days, this may be a factor in your headaches and you should see your doctor for further assessment.